Crohn’s Disease

Causes of Crohn’s Disease
Evidence exist of a genetic association, because Crohn’s often shows up in a family group. Additionally, there is evidence that the normal bacteria that inhabit the lower gut may, in some way, act to promote inflammation. The body’s immune system, which protects it against many various infections, is believed to be a factor. Many unknowns about the cause of the disease still exist. Luckily, a much is already known about the disease and, more importantly, its treatment.
Development of Crohn’s Disease
The condition can occur in both sexes and among all age groups, however, it often begins in young people. Jewish people have an increased risk of developing Crohn’s, while African Americans have a lower risk, which shows the genetic connection in this disease.
Symptoms
The symptoms of Crohn’s disease depend on where in the intestinal tract the disorder appears. When the ileum (ileitis) is involved, recurrent pain may be experienced in the right lower abdomen. At times, the pain mimics acute appendicitis. When the colon is the site, diarrhea (sometimes bloody) may occur, along with fever and weight loss. Crohn’s disease often affects the anal area where there may be a draining sinus tract called a fistula.
When the disease is active, fatigue and lethargy appear. In children and adolescents there may be difficulty gaining or maintaining weight.
Diagnosis
No single conclusive diagnostic test for Crohn’s disease exist. The patient’s medical history and physical examination are always helpful. Some blood and stool tests are made to arrive at a diagnosis. X-rays of the small intestine and colon (made through an upper GI series and barium enema) are usually necessary. Moreover, a visual examination (sigmoidoscopy) of the lining of the rectum and lower bowel is typically needed. A more thorough exam of the entire colon (colonoscopy) is usually the best way of diagnosing the problem when the disease occurs in the colon.
Treatment
Crohn’s disease can be effectively treated both medically and surgically. It is especially important to keep good nutrition and health with a balanced diet, adequate exercise, and a positive, upbeat attitude. Medications available for Crohn’s treatment are listed below:
Cortisone or Steroids are powerful drugs that provide very effective results. A large dose is frequently used at the beginning to bring the disorder under quick control when the disease is serious. The drug dose is then lowered, and the medicine is probably taken just every other day. This medicine is administered by pill or enema. A common generic name for this drug is Prednisone.
Anti-inflammation drugs: sulfasalazine (Azulfidine), Dipentum, Asacol, Rowasa, and Pentasa belong to a group of medicines called the 5-aminosalicylates. These drugs are most effective in treating a remission, once the disease is already controlled. They are useful when the disease occurred in the colon. These drugs are available in oral and enema preparations.
Immune System Suppressors are drugs suppress the body’s immune system, which seems to be overly active and in some way aggravates the disease. The two of these frequently used medications are azathioprine (trade name: Imuran) and 6 MP (trade name: Purinethol). Such medications are especially effective for long-term care. There are other potent immune-suppressing drugs that may be used in serious cases.
Antibiotics are often used to treat a bacterial infection that frequently goes along with Crohn’s disease. Two that are usually applied are ciprofloxacin (trade name: Cipro) and metronidazole (trade name: Flagyl)